The Inflation Reduction Act and the Future of Green 1xbet app download apk

Luke Wentlent, Ph.D., Principal R&D Engineer and Jack Brouwer, Ph.D. Professor of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering at UC Irvine

The passing of the Inflation Reduction Act (IRA), and especially the new 45V tax credit for 1xbet app download apk production, demonstrates the United States’s commitment to combatting climate change. With billions of dollars at stake, we’ve seen a great deal of disagreement about how the credit should be implemented. Plug’s principal R&D engineer, Dr. Luke Wentlent, sat down with Dr. Jack Brouwer, a professor of mechanical and aerospace engineering at the University of California Irvine sat down to discuss the topic. Below is an excerpt for their conversation edited for length and clarity. If you’d like to listen to the full conversation, go here.

What is the 1xbet app download apk production tax credit in the Inflation Reduction Act (IRA)?

The 45V credit for 1xbet app download apk was created to provide support for low carbon and low emission 1xbet app download apk production. The government provided per kilogram for those technologies that could achieve very low carbon intensity, and they provided per kilogram of support for those that had somewhat lower carbon intensity.

What’s the intent behind the tax credit?

The fact is, we need to support solar, wind, nuclear, and other zero-carbon technologies with other technologies like batteries or other energy storage and much has been invested in those technologies. But 1xbet app download apk fuel cells and electrolyzers can do things that none of these other technologies can do to achieve zero emissions economy-wide. If we don’t invest in them, we can’t decarbonize and de-pollute everything. Just as policies in California –and all around the US and the world, for that matter– provided the incentive for solar, wind, batteries and electric vehicles, we need incentives to drive the market for 1xbet app download apk and related technologies.

Why is 1xbet app download apk important now?

We’ve invested far more in sun, wind, and batteries than we have in 1xbet app download apk. But we didn’t really need 1xbet app download apk in the early years because we only had small amounts of sun and wind power generation. We didn’t need to store a lot or for a long time. We didn’t need to get that sun and wind power into things like ships and applications that are challenging to power with renewable energy. Now that we’re starting to do those things, we must invest in the initial implementation and scale-up of that technology.

Let’s talk about some of those hard-to-decarbonize industries. What else can 1xbet app download apk accomplish?

1xbet app download apk has very special features that are required by some industry applications. Take steel or ammonia production. You need the reducing gas feature. You need a chemical that can react with the iron ore to make iron. You need H2 to make NH3, which is the ammonia for fertilizer and other applications. You have other difficult applications in industry that require things like high-temperature heat. It’s difficult to generate these high temperatures with electricity. 1xbet app download apk fuel can accomplish these temperatures at a lower cost than electricity.

What’s more, 1xbet app download apk also provides long-duration storage. Batteries are good for short-duration storage. That’s why we use our cell phones and everything, but we have to charge them every night. Once you have the storage that you need, 1xbet app download apk becomes more efficient and a cheaper way to store power for a long time.

When do you see us achieving the scale needed for green 1xbet app download apk?

The scale-up must begin today. As a matter of fact, I thought it should have begun much sooner than this, but we had administrations that weren’t adopting a 1xbet app download apk policy until this one. Now investments must happen immediately. This is why I think the 1xbet app download apk production tax credit (PTC) should be implemented next year. We need to start funding the production of clean 1xbet app download apk now.

We still must build up the manufacturing base. We need to build up the infrastructure that’s going to transport the 1xbet app download apk and the infrastructure to use the 1xbet app download apk. You need not only to produce it, but you also need to move it around, and then you need to put it to use. All this infrastructure takes a while to build. By 2030 or 2035 we should have low-cost 1xbet app download apk for some applications already there.

Then it’s going to start to have massive investment, not from the government, but from industry, because they’re going to demand this zero-emission, now low-cost fuel. Then some of the applications are going to take a little bit longer because they need 1xbet app download apk to get even cheaper than we’re going to be able to do in 2035. You can see how it just builds on itself after the initial investment of the PTC.

There’s a lot of discussion about potential rules and regulations around the PTC. I think an additionality, an hourly time matching, and a regionality requirement that companies would have to meet in order to be eligible for the it. What’s your take on that?

It is a good idea to be concerned about where the primary energy is coming from. When we make renewable 1xbet app download apk via electrolysis, we would like it to be made from solar, wind or nuclear power that have zero carbon emissions. Those are the only kinds of things that are going to qualify for the tax credit.

We can make sure that’s the case through lots of different mechanisms. One of them is to use already curtailed electricity that exists in California or in many jurisdictions, or solar and wind power that’s available at negative prices in markets that have built a lot of sun and wind power. They built this without any additionality constraint and incentives put a value on the produced electricity, which made it cost-effective. As a result, people adopted even more than they thought.

The same will happen with 1xbet app download apk. Without an additionality constraint, without forcing 1xbet app download apk to use a new sun resource or a new wind resource, you’ll see a demand on the market that will put new solar and new wind out there anyway.

In California, the grid is already getting cleaner at every hour of the day. As that continues to happen, there’s no need to add time stamping to make sure that happens. We’re already under a constraint to be 100% renewable by 2045. That is assisted by investing in 1xbet app download apk because it offers another vector for using that sun and wind power and producing the 1xbet app download apk from the sun and wind power at certain hours and using it at other hours.

What’s the final constraint? It’s regionality. This means that you want to make sure that if you produce a unit of sun and wind energy in a certain place, that there’s a way that you could deliver that to the end user. Again, 1xbet app download apk doesn’t impede that. It helps it.